The Trabucchi of Gargano

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The Trabucchi of Gargano

The trabucco is an ancient fishing machine typical of the Gargano, Molisian, and Abruzzese coasts, protected as a monumental heritage by the Gargano National Park and found along the lower Adriatic up to some locations on the northern coast of the Province of Bari. It is also present in certain areas of the lower Tyrrhenian coast.
The trabucco is an imposing structure made of structural wood, consisting of a platform extending over the sea anchored to the rocks with large Aleppo pine trunks, from which two or more long arms, called antennae, extend a few meters above the water, supporting a huge fine-meshed net called a trabocchetto. The different coastal morphology of Abruzzo and Gargano has led to the presence of two types of trabucco. The Gargano type features a platform anchored to a rock spur and extended longitudinally along the coastline, from which the antennae branch out. The Abruzzese type, technically called a bilancia, is typical of shallower coasts and has a platform positioned transversely to the coast, connected by a wooden footbridge. The bilance generally have only one winch, often electrically operated, and a smaller net compared to that of the Gargano trabucchi. Another difference concerns the length and number of antennae, which are longer on the Gargano than in Abruzzo and Molise. In Termoli, the bilance have a maximum of two antennae, whereas on the Gargano and in the northern Bari area—in Barletta, Trani, and Molfetta—there are always two or more antennae.

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The Trabucchi of GarganoTradition on the Sea

According to some Apulian historians, the trabucco would be an invention imported by the Phoenicians. The earliest documented date goes back to the 18th century, a period when Abruzzese fishermen had to devise a fishing technique that was not affected by the local weather and sea conditions. The trabucchi, in fact, allow fishing without going out to sea: by exploiting the rocky morphology of certain fishing zones along the coast, they were built on the most prominent points of capes and promontories, projecting the nets offshore through a system of monumental wooden arms.

The Trabucchi

Trabuccos are traditionally built from Aleppo pine wood, a common pine throughout the central Adriatic. This is because it is a virtually inexhaustible material, given its widespread availability in the area. It is malleable, salt-resistant, and elastic (the trabocco must withstand the strong gusts of the Mistral wind that batter the southern Adriatic). Some trabuccos have been rebuilt in recent years, thanks in part to public funding, such as Abruzzo Regional Law No. 99 of September 16, 1997. However, they have long since lost their economic function, which in past centuries made them the main source of income for entire families of fishermen, and have instead become tourist attractions.